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  Meat Makes People Powerful: A Global History of the Modern Era

  Wilson J. Warren

  From large-scale cattle farming to water pollution, meat— more than any other food—has had an enormous impact on our environment. Historically, Americans have been among the most avid meat-eaters in the world, but long before that meat was not even considered a key ingredient in most civilizations’ diets. Labor historian Wilson Warren, who has studied the meat industry for more than a decade, provides this global history of meat to help us understand how it entered the daily diet, and at what costs and benefits to society.

  Spanning from the nineteenth century to current and future trends, Warren walks us through the economic theory of food, the discovery of protein, the Japanese eugenics debate around meat, and the environmental impact of livestock, among other topics. Through his comprehensive, multifaceted research, he provides readers with the political, economic, social, and cultural factors behind meat consumption over the last two centuries. With a special focus on East Asia, Meat Makes People Powerful reveals how national governments regulated and oversaw meat production, helping transform virtually vegetarian cultures into major meat consumers at record speed.

  As more and more Americans pay attention to the sources of the meat they consume, Warren’s compelling study will help them not only better understand the industry, but also make more informed personal choices. Providing an international perspective that will appeal to scholars and nutritionists alike, this timely examination will forever change the way you see the food on your plate.

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  First Martyr of Liberty

  Mitch Kachun

  First Martyr of Liberty explores how Crispus Attucks's death in the 1770 Boston Massacre led to his achieving mythic significance in African Americans' struggle to incorporate their experiences and heroes into the mainstream of the American historical narrative. While the other victims of the Massacre have been largely ignored, Attucks is widely celebrated as the first to die in the cause of freedom during the era of the American Revolution. He became a symbolic embodiment of black patriotism and citizenship.

  This book traces Attucks's career through both history and myth to understand how his public memory has been constructed through commemorations and monuments; institutions and organizations bearing his name; juvenile biographies; works of poetry, drama, and visual arts; popular and academic histories; and school textbooks. There will likely never be a definitive biography of Crispus Attucks since so little evidence exists about the man's actual life. While what can and cannot be known about Attucks is addressed here, the focus is on how he has been remembered--variously as either a hero or a villain--and why at times he has been forgotten by different groups and individuals from the eighteenth century to the present day.

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  An Oral History of Portage Schools: Cleora Skinner to Pete McFarlane

  Tom Vance

  This is a history of Portage Public Schools (Portage, Michigan) from Cleora Skinner to Pete McFarlane as told by 13 former superintendents and board presidents. Superintendents participating in this project include Varl Wilkinson, James Rikkers, and Pete McFarlane (an interview previously conducted with Cleora Skinner serves as the prologue). Board presidents interviewed include Robert VanderRoest, Bill Boyer, James Ellinger, Patricia Dolan, Phil Sheldon, Kevin Flynn, John Whyte, Kevin Hollenbeck, Tom Eddy, and Shirley Johnson. An introduction by Steve Rossio places the oral histories in context and he wrote about one room schools in Portage for the appendix. Steve, a graduate of Portage Schools and a life-long resident of Kalamazoo County, is the local historian at Portage Public Library. He received his Public History degree from Western Michigan University. The appendix also contains a listing of District leadership provided by Edna M. Kent, while she was the District's Administrative Assistant to the Superintendent. This oral history project was conducted in 2004 as professional field experience under Dr. Kristin M. Szylvian for the editor's MA in U.S. History with a concentration in biography from Western Michigan University. Three interviews were conducted years later, to provide time for reflection since the end of Dr. McFarlane's tenure. Tom Vance served as community relations manager at Portage Public Schools from 2000 to 2012. He is a former president of the Michigan School Public Relations Association and a past chair of the History Section, Michigan Academy of Science, Arts & Letters. Tom's career in public affairs includes the Army (both active and reserve duty), The Upjohn Company and later Pharmacia & Upjohn, Biggs-Gilmore Communications, Portage Public Schools, and currently Kalamazoo Community Foundation. He is also the editor of Selected Speeches of Elliot Richardson, and author of Elliot Richardson: The Virtue of Politics and Napoleon in America: Essays in Biography & Popular Culture. This oral history project is a part of the Portage Schools Collection at Portage District Library, and any proceeds from the sale of this book will go to the Portage Schools Collection. "Public education is a vital component of our culture and a basic part of our democratic system of government. On this premise, Tom Vance interviewed District leadership spanning eight decades. The vast array of issues throughout the development of Portage Schools include enrollment (reaching a peak of nearly 11,000 students in the 1970s); instruction; building, closing and renovating schools; state and local funding; collective bargaining; changes in social mores; and technology. How the District met these challenges is revealed here." -- Ted Vliek, Sr. Ted Vliek served as Administrative Assistant to the Superintendent (responsible for community relations), Board of Education Secretary, and was interim superintendent at the District between Varl Wilkinson and George Conti.

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  Historical Dictionary of Medieval China

  Victor Cunrui Xiong

  The crucial period of Chinese history, 168-979, falls naturally into contrasting phases. The first phase, also known as that of 'early medieval China,' is an age of political decentralization. Following the breakup of the Han empire, China was plunged into civil war and fragmentation and stayed divided for nearly four centuries. The second phase started in 589, during the Sui dynasty, when China was once again brought under a single government. Under the Sui, the bureaucracy was revitalized, the military strengthened, and the taxation system reformed. The fall of the Sui in 618 gave way to the even stronger Tang dynasty, which represents an apogee of traditional Chinese civilization. Inheriting all the great institutions developed under the Sui, the Tang made great achievements in poetry, painting, music, and architecture. The An Lushan rebellion, which also took place during Tang rule, brought about far-reaching changes in the socioeconomic, political, and military arenas. What transpired in the second half of the Tang and the ensuing Five Dynasties provided the foundation for the next age of late imperial China.

  This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Medieval China contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 1000 cross-referenced entries on historical figure. It expands on existing thematic entries, and adds a number of new ones with substantial content, including those on nobility, art, architecture, archaeology, economy, agriculture, money, population, cities, literature, historiography, military, religion, Persia, India, Japan, Korea, Arabs, and Byzantium, among others. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about medieval China.

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  Collaboration and the Future of Education: Preserving the Right to Think and Teach Historically

  Gordon P. Andrews, Wilson J. Warren, and James Cousins

  Current educational reforms have given rise to various types of "educational Taylorism," which encourage the creation of efficiency models in pursuit of a unified way to teach. In history education curricula, this has been introduced through scripted textbook-based programs such as Teacher Curriculum Institute’s History Alive! and completely online curricula. They include the jargon of authentic methods, such as primary sources, cooperative learning, differentiated instruction, and access to technology; yet the craft of teaching is removed, and an experience that should be marked by discovery and reflection is replaced with comparatively empty processes.

  This volume provides systematic models and examples of ways that history teachers can compete with and effectively halt this transformation. The alternatives the authors present are based on collaborative models that address the art of teaching for pre-service and practicing secondary history teachers as well as collegiate history educators. Relying on original research, and a maturing body of secondary literature on historical thinking, this book illuminates how collaboration can create real historical learning.

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  I raffinati metodi d'indagine e il mestiere dello storico

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  Negli ultimi vent’anni vari studiosi, traendo ispirazione dalla sociologia, dall’antropologia e dalla critica testuale, hanno proposto nuove interpretazioni sui primi secoli del Medioevo italiano, in particolare sull’identità dei Longobardi e sulle conseguenze del loro insediamento in Italia. In alcuni casi tali posizioni sono state criticate perché ritenute essere il frutto della reazione alla convinzione che l’identità etnica e le qualità ad essa connesse fossero trasmesse geneticamente e quindi immutabili – teoria che ha condotto ad esasperate forme di nazionalismo, di cui la Germania nazista ha costituito uno dei peggiori esempi –. Questo volume mira a fornire una riflessione sulle nuove posizioni storiografiche, non esprimendo ulteriori opinioni su influenze politiche e culturali e su quanto raffinati siano quegli strumenti di ricerca, ma analizzando i risultati ottenuti alla luce di quanto riportato nelle fonti, le grandi assenti in questi dibattiti.

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  La guerra, la violenza, Gli altri e la frontiera nella "Venetia" altomedievale

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  Tra la fine del sesto secolo e gli inizi dell’undicesimo la Venezia delle lagune subì delle drastiche modificazioni. Da una periferia poco rilevante dell’impero bizantino diventò la massima potenza adriatica. In tale periodo i Venetici avevano inoltre ottenuto la piena indipendenza da Costantinopoli, evitato di essere assorbiti dai poteri della vicina terraferma e di subire disastrose distruzioni ad opera di incursori ed invasori, guadagnato sempre più ampie zone di mercato nell’Italia settentrionale e nel Mediterraneo orientale e raggiunto un assetto politico-istituzionale stabile. Questo non fu un processo lineare, ma i Venetici conseguirono e difesero questi risultati con grande tenacità, creando così le basi per il notevole sviluppo dei secoli successivi. Questo volume esamina alcune tra le più rilevanti tematiche che contraddistinsero Venezia nel corso di quest’epoca: la guerra, la violenza, la maniera in cui gli “altri” erano percepiti che cosa si conosceva su di loro e la frontiera.

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  The Routledge History of American Sport

  Linda Borish, David K. Wiggins, and Gerald R. Gems

  The Routledge History of American Sport provides the first comprehensive overview of historical research in American sport from the early Colonial period to the present day. Considering sport through innovative themes and topics such as the business of sport, material culture and sport, the political uses of sport, and gender and sport, this text offers an interdisciplinary analysis of American leisure. Rather than moving chronologically through American history or considering the historical origins of each sport, these topics are dealt with organically within thematic chapters, emphasizing the influence of sport on American society.

  The volume is divided into eight thematic sections that include detailed original essays on particular facets of each theme. Focusing on how sport has influenced the history of women, minorities, politics, the media, and culture, these thematic chapters survey the major areas of debate and discussion. The volume offers a comprehensive view of the history of sport in America, pushing the field to consider new themes and approaches as well.

  Including a roster of contributors renowned in their fields of expertise, this ground-breaking collection is essential reading for all those interested in the history of American sport.

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  Horace Holley: Transylvania University and the Making of Liberal Education in the Early American Republic

  James Cousins

  Outspoken New England urbanite Horace Holley (1781–1827) was an unlikely choice to become the president of Transylvania University―the first college established west of the Allegheny Mountains. Many Kentuckians doubted his leadership abilities, some questioned his Unitarian beliefs, and others simply found him arrogant and elitist. Nevertheless, Holley ushered in a period of sustained educational and cultural growth at Transylvania, and the university received national attention for its scientifically progressive and liberal curriculum. The resulting influx of wealthy students and celebrated faculty―including Constantine Samuel Rafinesque―lent Lexington, Kentucky, a distinguished atmosphere and gave rise to the city's image as the "Athens of the West."

  In this definitive biography, James P. Cousins offers fresh perspectives on a seminal yet controversial figure in American religious history and educational life. The son of a prosperous New England merchant family, Holley studied at Yale University before serving as a minister. He achieved national acclaim as an intellectual and self-appointed critic of higher education before accepting the position at Transylvania. His clashes with political and community leaders, however, ultimately led him to resign in 1827, and his untimely death later that year cut short a promising career.

  Drawing upon a wealth of previously used and newly uncovered primary sources, Cousins analyzes the profound influence of westward expansion on social progress and education that transpired during Holley's tenure. This engaging book not only illuminates the life and work of an important yet overlooked figure, but makes a valuable contribution to the history of education in the early American Republic.

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  Amnesiopolis: Modernity, Space, and Memory in East Germany

  Eli Rubin

  Amnesiopolis explores the construction of Marzahn, the largest prefabricated housing project in East Germany, built on the outskirts of East Berlin in the 1970s and 1980s and touted by the regime as the future of socialism. It focuses particularly on the experience of East Germans who moved, often from crumbling slums left over as a legacy of the nineteenth century, into this radically new place -- one defined by pure functionality and rationality -- a material manifestation of the utopian promise of socialism. Eli Rubin employs methodologies from critical geography, urban history, architectural history, environmental history, and everyday life history to ask whether their experience was a radical break with their personal pasts and the German past. Amnesiopolis asks: can a dramatic change in spatial and material surroundings sever the links of memory that tie people to their old life narratives, and if so, does that help build a new socialist mentality in the minds of historical subjects? The answer is yes and no -- as much as the East German state tried to create a completely new socialist settlement, divorced of any links to the pre-socialist past, the massive construction project uncovered the truth buried -- literally -- in the ground, which was that the urge to colonize the outskirts of Berlin was not new at all. Furthermore, the construction of a new city out of nothing, using repeating, identical buildings, created a panopticon-like effect, giving the Stasi the possibility of more complete surveillance than they previously had.

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  Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World

  Anise K. Strong

  Prostitutes and Matrons in the Roman World is the first substantial account of elite Roman concubines and courtesans. Exploring the blurred line between proper matron and wicked prostitute, it illuminates the lives of sexually promiscuous women like Messalina and Clodia, as well as prostitutes with hearts of gold who saved Rome and their lovers in times of crisis. It also offers insights into the multiple functions of erotic imagery and the circumstances in which prostitutes could play prominent roles in Roman public and religious life. Tracing the evolution of social stereotypes and concepts of virtue and vice in ancient Rome, this volume reveals the range of life choices and sexual activity, beyond the traditional binary depiction of wives or prostitutes, that were available to Roman women.

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  Capital Cities and Urban Form in Pre-modern China: Luoyang, 1038 BCE to 938 CE (Asian States and Empires)

  Victor Cunrui Xiong

  Luoyang, situated in present-day Henan province, was one of the great urban centres of pre-Qin and early imperial China, the favoured site for dynastic capitals for almost two millennia. This book, the first in any Western language on the subject, traces the rise and fall of the six different capital cities in the region which served eleven different dynasties from the Western Zhou dynasty, when the first capital city made its appearance in Luoyang, to the great Tang dynasty, when Luoyang experienced a golden age. It examines the political histories of these cities, explores continuity and change in urban form with a particular focus on city layouts and landmark buildings, and discusses the roles of religions, especially Buddhism, and illustrious city residents. Overall the book provides an accessible survey of a broad sweep of premodern Chinese urban history.

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  Proving Grounds: Militarized Landscapes, Weapons Testing, and the Environmental Impact of U.S. Bases

  Edwin A. Martini

  Proving Grounds brings together a wide range of scholars across disciplines and geographical borders to deepen our understanding of the environmental impact that the U.S. military presence has had at home and abroad. The essays in this collection survey the environmental damage caused by weapons testing and military bases to local residents, animal populations, and landscapes, and they examine the military’s efforts to close and repurpose bases—often as wildlife reserves. Together they present a complex and nuanced view that embraces the ironies, contradictions, and unintended consequences of U.S. militarism around the world. In complicating our understanding of the American military’s worldwide presence, the essayists also reveal the rare cases when the military is actually ahead of the curve on environmental regulation compared to the private sector. The result is the most comprehensive examination to date of the U.S. military’s environmental footprint—for better or worse—across the globe.

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  Virtual Civilization in the 21st Century

  Andrew S. Targowski

  This book analyzes a new phenomenon in civilization: the transformation of the current "Information Wave" into virtual civilization. In the 21st century, the "real-space" of the world civilization, due to the massive, network-intensive use of computers world-wide, gained the virtual space known as cyberspace. Cyberspace is a product of information technology exemplified by the Internet as the world system of information highway(s) [INFOSTRADA(S)] which forms a digital space containing all sorts of files and communication exchanges practiced in online and real-time modes. For the first time in 6,000 years of human civilization, society has become a quantum society, which can be real and virtual at the same time. The virtual society is invisible for those who do not use computer networks. Even for those who do use them, cyberspace access requires some sort of commercial transactions-oriented activities (ex. on Amazon or eBay and others), searching on Google or Yahoo or communicating as a member of one of social networks, e.g.. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and others.

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  Erchemperto, Piccola Storia dei Longobardi di Benevento

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  Erchemperto, active 9th century. Historia Langobardorum.

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  In Search of the First Venetians: Prosopography of Early Medieval Venice, Studies in the Early Middle Ages.

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  This prosopographical study provides information about each Venetian living in the early Middle Ages, from the invasion of the Lombards in 569 - an action that forced part of northeast Italy's population to seek refuge on the islands of the Venetian lagoon - to the rule of Duke Petrus Ursoylus II (991-1008). There is an entry for each individual listing all available information and quoting the full text of primary sources within the footnotes. The data are organized in categories such as families, first names, rulers, women, office holders, ecclesiastics, occupations, and places of residence (Venice was a duchy with different urban centres).

  Venice is an extremely important place for this kind of analysis. It is the area in which family name use began for the first time in medieval Europe. Venice was never conquered by a 'Germanic' people, and therefore it is possible to study the evolution of a post-Roman/Byzantine society by analyzing the names of the Venetians. Moreover, scholars interested in later periods will be able to find the origins of all the most important Venetian families.

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  LBJ and Grassroots Federalism

  Robert H. Duke

  LBJ and Grassroots Federalism: Congressman Bob Poage, Race, and Change in Texas reveals the local ramifications of federal policy. Three case studies in the rising career of Lyndon B. Johnson show this in action: LBJ's formative experience as a New Dealer directing the National Youth Administration (NYA) in Texas; his key role as senate majority leader in breaking the deadlock to secure funds for the Lake Waco dam project; and the cumulative effect of his Great Society policies on urban renewal and educational reform among the Mexican American community in Waco. In each of these initiatives, Bob Poage—though far more politically conservative than Johnson—served as a conduit between LBJ and citizen activists in Poage’s congressional district, affirming the significance of grassroots engagement even during an era usually associated with centralization. Robert Harold Duke's careful analysis in LBJ and Grassroots Federalism also offers a unique insight into a transformational period when the federal government broke down barriers and opened doors to the engagement of African Americans and Mexican Americans in community planning processes and social policy.

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  Between Lipany and White Mountain: Essays in Late Medieval and Early Modern Bohemian History in Modern Czech Scholarship

  James Palmitessa

  This book presents twelve essays by Czech historians on the history of the Czech lands from the middle of the fifteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century, previously published in Czech, which appear here for the first time in English.

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  The Deadly Effect of Informatics on the Holocaust

  Andrew S. Targowski

  The story of how IBM business policies and its computing machines-the forerunners of today's computers-assisted the Holocaust in 1939-1945 ought to influence contemporary IT engineers, business people, and politicians in such ways as to prevent today's IT systems and telecommunications networks from being used to inflict similar multi-million human losses. An Internet-accelerated expansion of the Global Economy inexorably leads to an accelerated expansion of global resources, which will lead to wars for those resources that still remain on our small planet. In these wars, personal data will certainly prove central.

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  Chinese Civilization in the 21st Century

  Andrew S. Targowski and Bernard T. Han

  The authors of this book believe that the 5,000 year-long-history of Chinese Civilization is the main factor in the re-emergence of China in the 21st century. It is a well-known fact that the Chinese economy became the second largest economy in the world in 2014. With some predictions, in the near future perhaps China will surpass the United States. The main media interprets this progress as the result of a Western Civilization strategy, which forced manufacturing to be outsourced to China and made it become the World Factory. Certainly, outsourcing was the trigger and an important factor at the end of the 20th century. However, today, China and its diaspora (Chinese Civilization) are decisively moving from the "robot" of the West to a master in economy and politics. This book, primarily focused on analyzing Chinese accomplishments nowadays, is not confined only to the economic dimension; it also takes into account the legacy and practice of the Chinese, i.e., its society, culture, religion, and infrastructure - the main components of any civilization. China had 24 dynasties and elaborated administrative systems (run by Mandarins) that contributed to the Chinese receptive subordination to political power. The Mandarins' management of knowledge, wisdom, and skills were supported by Confucianism - an ethical and philosophical system based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Also, family is most important to the Chinese. There is a special relationship within the family-based complex system that is hinged on Chinese kinships and clans.

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  Heavenly Khan

  Victor Cunrui Xiong

  This historical fiction is based on the true story of Li Shimin (also known as Tang Taizong), the greatest sovereign in Chinese history. About 30 years younger than Muhammad, he grew up in a world of devastating upheaval that tore China asunder and was thrust into the role of a military commander in his father’s rebel army while still a teenager. In the process of vanquishing his enemies on the battlefield, he proved himself to be a great military genius. As emperor he encouraged critical suggestions by his court officials, which he often adopted, and lent support to the religions of his day, notably, Buddhism, Daoism, and Christianity. The international prestige he had won for Tang China was so high that the states of Central and North Asia honored him with the title of “Heavenly Khan.” Although his father founded the dynasty, it was his reign that laid the groundwork for a brilliant empire that was to endure for centuries.

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  From Cultures of War to Cultures of Peace: War and Peace Museums in Japan, China, and South Korea

  Takashi Yoshida

  "Professor Yoshida examines historical analyses of war and peace museums from the late 19th century to the present and traces the historical development of a pacifist discourse in postwar Japan that centered on Japan's war crimes and responsibility"--Page 4 of cover.

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  The Political and Social Vocabulary of John's the Deacon's 'Istoria Veneticorum'

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  Dukes, sovereigns, and holders of other offices -- Social definitions -- The verbs of power -- Kinship and classes of age -- Space -- The peoples. Based on an extensive linguistic analysis, this book provides the first examination of the political and social vocabulary of John the Deacon’s Istoria Veneticorum, thus offering significant insights to the history of Venice in the early Middle Ages. The Istoria Veneticorum, a chronicle attributed to John the Deacon, chaplain and ambassador of the Venetian Duke Peter Orseolo II (991-1008), is of fundamental importance for the reconstruction of early medieval Venetian history. In addition to being the only historical narrative of that period, it covers the entire early Middle Ages, from the invasion of the Lombards in 569, an action that forced a part of the Veneto’s population to seek refuge on the islands of the Venetian lagoon, to the beginning of the eleventh century. Its importance is further emphasized by the limited number of the surviving early medieval Venetian sources. Berto’s study of the political and social vocabulary of this work analyses the chronicler’s use and contextualization of key words and provides the reader with an enhanced understanding of the Istoria Veneticorum. The attentive and skilful use of terminology by the chronicler confirms that the author was, in all likelihood, a member of the Orseolo entourage, that he was acquainted with the art of diplomacy, and that he was, in fact, John the Deacon. Furthermore, he did not limit himself to a mere recording of dates and events; rather, by a careful use of terminology—probably in order to avoid reopening recent wounds—he was able to express his opinions about the dukes who had ruled his country.

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  The Political and Social Vocabulary of John the Deacon’s 'Istoria Veneticorum'

  Luigi Andrea Berto

  Based on an extensive linguistic analysis, this book provides the first examination of the political and social vocabulary of John the Deacon’s Istoria Veneticorum, thus offering significant insights to the history of Venice in the early Middle Ages. The Istoria Veneticorum, a chronicle attributed to John the Deacon, chaplain and ambassador of the Venetian Duke Peter Orseolo II (991-1008), is of fundamental importance for the reconstruction of early medieval Venetian history. In addition to being the only historical narrative of that period, it covers the entire early Middle Ages, from the invasion of the Lombards in 569, an action that forced a part of the Veneto’s population to seek refuge on the islands of the Venetian lagoon, to the beginning of the eleventh century. Its importance is further emphasized by the limited number of the surviving early medieval Venetian sources. Berto’s study of the political and social vocabulary of this work analyses the chronicler’s use and contextualization of key words and provides the reader with an enhanced understanding of the Istoria Veneticorum. The attentive and skilful use of terminology by the chronicler confirms that the author was, in all likelihood, a member of the Orseolo entourage, that he was acquainted with the art of diplomacy, and that he was, in fact, John the Deacon. Furthermore, he did not limit himself to a mere recording of dates and events; rather, by a careful use of terminology—probably in order to avoid reopening recent wounds—he was able to express his opinions about the dukes who had ruled his country. From publisher

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  A Companion to American Legal History

  Sally E. Hadden and Alfred L. Brophy

  A Companion to American Legal History presents a compilation of the most recent writings from leading scholars on American legal history from the colonial era through the late twentieth century.

  • Presents up-to-date research describing the key debates in American legal history
  • Reflects the current state of American legal history research and points readers in the direction of future research
  • Represents an ideal companion for graduate and law students seeking an introduction to the field, the key questions, and future research ideas