Date of Defense

4-22-2026

Date of Graduation

5-2026

Department

Human Performance and Health Education

First Advisor

Carol Weideman

Second Advisor

Timothy Michael

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias are rapidly increasing public health concerns due to aging populations and rising life expectancy. Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration associated with amyloid-β plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss, leading to impairments in memory, cognition, and daily functioning. Because there is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, identifying effective non-pharmacological prevention strategies is essential. This paper examines the role of physical exercise as a preventive and protective intervention for delaying the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Current research demonstrates that exercise supports brain health through several neurobiological mechanisms. Regular physical activity increases cerebral blood flow, enhances neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, elevates levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and reduces inflammation and oxidative stress. These physiological adaptations improve cognitive resilience and may slow neurodegenerative processes associated with dementia. The paper reviews evidence from epidemiological studies, longitudinal cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials demonstrating that physically active individuals experience lower rates of cognitive decline and reduced dementia risk. Studies such as the Framingham Heart Study and the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) support the association between sustained physical activity and improved cognitive outcomes. Various forms of exercise, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, mind-body exercises such as yoga and tai chi, and cognitively engaging open-skill activities, are discussed for their cognitive and neuroprotective benefits. Research consistently indicates that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity performed regularly across the lifespan provides the greatest protective effects against dementia. Although limitations exist within current research, including issues related to self-reported physical activity and potential confounding variables, the overall evidence strongly supports exercise as a low-cost, accessible, and effective strategy for promoting cognitive health. The findings highlight the importance of integrating physical activity into public health initiatives and multidomain prevention strategies aimed at reducing the growing burden of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Access Setting

Honors Thesis-Open Access

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