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Chief Editor

Dr. Sisay Asefa, Western Michigan University

Managing Editor

Dr. Amos Aduroja, Western Michigan University

Copy Editor

Gari Voss, Western Michigan University

Associate Editors

Dr. Soji Adelaja,Michigan State University

Dr. Wei-Chiao Huang,Western Michigan University

Dr. Manelik Geremew, Kalamazoo College

Dr. Mariam Konate, Western Michigan University

Dr. Glinda Rawls, Western Michigan University

Lisa Whittaker, Western Michigan University

Graduate Assistants

Bezwait Teshome Agiro, Western Michigan University

Nardos Moges Beyene, Western Michigan University

Daniel Abraham Mengistu, Western Michigan University

Rong Shi, Western Michigan University

Meskerem Degefa Tolossa, Western Michigan University

Hawi Wako, Western Michigan University

International Advisory Board of Editors & Reviewers

Ash Abebe, Auburn University

Badeg, Bekele, International Leadership Institute

Ensdeshaw Bekele, Addis Ababa University

Gezu Bekele, US Government Accountability Office

Efrem Bechere, United States Department of Agriculture

Tolla Berrisso, Adama Science and Technology University

Solomon Bililign, North Carolina A&T State University

Minerva Cruz

Seife Dendir, Reardon University

Federica De Sisto, Independent International Scholar in Peace Studies

Robert Dibie, , Indiana University-Kokomo

Getachew Felleke, Miyazaki International College

Tamrat Gashaw, Wartburg College

Abu Girma, University of Sukuba

Assegedech Hailemariam, Eastern Illinois University

Wei-Chiao Huang, Western Michigan University

C. James Hueng, Western Michigan University

Mo Hunsen, Kenyon College

Ahmed Hussen, Kalamazoo College

John Ishyama, North Texas State University

Adugna Lemi, University of Massachusetts-Boston

Fredah Mainah, Western Michigan University

Michael Mamo, Westminster College

Assefa Mehretu, Michigan State University

Berhanu Mengistu, Old Dominion University

Christine Moser, Western Michigan University

Debasri Mukherjee, Western Michigan University

Abeba Mussa, Farmingdale State University of New York

Workneh Negatu, Addis Ababa University

Benjamin Ofori-Amoha, Western Michigan University

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William Ranz, Western Michigan University

Shaila Rao, Western Michigan University

Said Samatar, Rutgers University

Dawit Senbe, University of Northern Colorado

Aberra Senbetta, Bloomsburg University

Happy Siphambe, University of Botswana

Blen Solomon, Defiance College

Blinda Straight, Western Michigan University

Bedassa Tadesse, University of Minnesota-Duluth

Daniel Teferra, Ferris State University

Abe Tegene, Economic Research Service

Tesfaye Teklu, Private Economist

Asrat Tessema, Eastern Michigan University

Susan Weinger, Western Michigan University

Frank H. Witt, Harold Pupkewitz Graduate School of Business

Theodore Vestal, Oklahoma State