Chief Editor
Dr. Sisay Asefa, Western Michigan University
Managing Editor
Dr. Amos Aduroja, Western Michigan University
Copy Editor
Gari Voss, Western Michigan University
Associate Editors
Dr. Soji Adelaja,Michigan State University
Dr. Wei-Chiao Huang,Western Michigan University
Dr. Manelik Geremew, Kalamazoo College
Dr. Mariam Konate, Western Michigan University
Dr. Glinda Rawls, Western Michigan University
Lisa Whittaker, Western Michigan University
Graduate Assistants
Bezwait Teshome Agiro, Western Michigan University
Nardos Moges Beyene, Western Michigan University
Daniel Abraham Mengistu, Western Michigan University
Rong Shi, Western Michigan University
Meskerem Degefa Tolossa, Western Michigan University
Hawi Wako, Western Michigan University
International Advisory Board of Editors & Reviewers
Ash Abebe, Auburn University
Badeg, Bekele, International Leadership Institute
Ensdeshaw Bekele, Addis Ababa University
Gezu Bekele, US Government Accountability Office
Efrem Bechere, United States Department of Agriculture
Tolla Berrisso, Adama Science and Technology University
Solomon Bililign, North Carolina A&T State University
Minerva Cruz
Seife Dendir, Reardon University
Federica De Sisto, Independent International Scholar in Peace Studies
Robert Dibie, , Indiana University-Kokomo
Getachew Felleke, Miyazaki International College
Tamrat Gashaw, Wartburg College
Abu Girma, University of Sukuba
Assegedech Hailemariam, Eastern Illinois University
Wei-Chiao Huang, Western Michigan University
C. James Hueng, Western Michigan University
Mo Hunsen, Kenyon College
Ahmed Hussen, Kalamazoo College
John Ishyama, North Texas State University
Adugna Lemi, University of Massachusetts-Boston
Fredah Mainah, Western Michigan University
Michael Mamo, Westminster College
Assefa Mehretu, Michigan State University
Berhanu Mengistu, Old Dominion University
Christine Moser, Western Michigan University
Debasri Mukherjee, Western Michigan University
Abeba Mussa, Farmingdale State University of New York
Workneh Negatu, Addis Ababa University
Benjamin Ofori-Amoha, Western Michigan University
>William Ranz, Western Michigan University
Shaila Rao, Western Michigan University
Said Samatar, Rutgers University
Dawit Senbe, University of Northern Colorado
Aberra Senbetta, Bloomsburg University
Happy Siphambe, University of Botswana
Blen Solomon, Defiance College
Blinda Straight, Western Michigan University
Bedassa Tadesse, University of Minnesota-Duluth
Daniel Teferra, Ferris State University
Abe Tegene, Economic Research Service
Tesfaye Teklu, Private Economist
Asrat Tessema, Eastern Michigan University
Susan Weinger, Western Michigan University
Frank H. Witt, Harold Pupkewitz Graduate School of Business
Theodore Vestal, Oklahoma State