Date of Award

4-2024

Degree Name

Master of Science

Department

Geography

First Advisor

Lei Meng, Ph.D.

Second Advisor

Steven Bertman, Ph.D.

Third Advisor

Adam Mathews, Ph.D.

Keywords

LULC, particulate matter2.5, public health, remote sensing, spatiotemporal change, urbanization

Access Setting

Masters Thesis-Open Access

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and its environmental repercussions present profound challenges for developing countries. This study investigates the spatiotemporal relationship between urban growth and airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in four upazilas of Bangladesh from 2001 to 2019. Utilizing GIS and remote sensing techniques, this research explores the transitions in land cover and their impact on air quality, focusing on the escalating levels of PM2.5 — a critical pollutant associated with numerous health risks. The study delineated land cover changes using satellite imagery; PM2.5 concentration levels were derived from NASA's Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center while ground-truthing validated the land cover classifications. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA tests and linear regression, illuminated the correlations between land cover types and PM2.5 concentrations.

Findings demonstrate a significant expansion of built-in areas across all districts, correlating with elevated PM2.5 levels, while mixed forests and waterbodies — areas found to reduce PM2.5 concentration — experienced a marked decrease. The most profound increase in built-up land and PM2.5 was observed in Madhabpur, signaling urgent environmental and public health concerns. This study underscores the critical role of sustainable urban planning and environmental conservation in mitigating the adverse effects of urbanization on air quality. The results support a call for a strategic approach to development, advocating for preserving natural landscapes to maintain ecological balance and ensure the health and well-being of urban populations. The research advances worldwide understanding of land cover changes and helps policymakers and environmental managers develop effective ways to address urban expansion and air pollution.

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